
루ϣ 

 
һĻĻ򻶾۵Ļڴ˲ݣ 
ӣеˣɫɫȺҴҽ㣬פ˵Ĺ¡ 
ڴһǣڴ˼٣ײӵµìҲ˲ʱ 

һеһٻӰ 
㷢µĹഺĻһ˫Ө峺Ŀţͦ 
ֱǴŲҰԺӢϸµü˼̬޵ 
ˮĹ󣬴΢΢¶һĨ΢Ц 
ɫĸС״ɫƤʶ̿㣬ճϢİߣһ˫ 
ͬڶʮԵߡ 
һλŷˣ 

ͻȻһϵǳЦΪһʢŵĻ䡣 
㣡~ 
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼһԿŮС 
ԼĪʮ꣬࿡ʣ棬ò԰ʡ 
һλŮӡ 
ò֮ǰŮߡ˷ƣȴ£Ӻݵ͸Ź 
Ľӣһͷںڵ㷢˳شйʡ 

żɫ˿ǰзĻߣŸʵڲ֮£ 
żʵᱡĳɫ˿˫ȣһֱϥĶȹڡ 
ɢųŮķ顣 

ӭװĽ~Ůӭȥ 
˺ܾˣ 
ûһΧΧһȺӬŮɨܡ 
ǺǣΪҹޱ̫Ư˰ͬеӵ൱ͬԭ 
ߣҹޱͷһŤ״ӡ 
ǺǣҹöһԹءӿЦŶŮ˵ 

֪ͺãҹޱ޷޵ػһ䡣 
Ϊĸ׵ľǽҹǿŵҹһֱ㽵Ŀꡣ 
Ȼγֺ󣬽ͱˡ 
ҹѧܣС죬֪ǰǰĶ磬μ棬 
ҹͶһ飬Ӵݰӣ޷԰Ρ 
ǣεɵĽޣŮǿ˰ܸɵޣ˾ҹ 
ĳɫ⡣ 

ʹױܣҹȻ޷еİΪ˱˼֮࣬㱣˱ 
ıԵ 
һ뵽Ƕʱ㾭ᵽҹޱ͸еʹ 
ҹ˳ϵľΪ˻˵İԼ 
׻˵ɽ׸ģơʹ˵־ҪıҲǼ 
顣 
Ϊˣҹ˺ܶ࣬ЩŪþѡҹޱڰҹžҪ 
ɣΪε밮ˡ 

ҵǣִ£ɹˣ 
գһȫµģ˳ҹεǰۣġ 
2αҵһЯ˽á 
˿̸ոս˳2µС 

Ϊô࣬һһҪúôҹޱ 
Ȼס޹ǵġ 
СޱôôƺΣҪн򡣡ҹ 
ɱһСһ°ҹޱԸطֱš 
Ŷǹֽţ۲ඣҹĵ˵ȴһƬЦ⡣ 
ҲǸ˼㣬ãôϰҹޱض˶š 
ҵɷҵİˣҵˣ˭أҹճյصˮ 
νᣬ·ֻڡ 

ҹޱǰŨһԣɾԼĴǶģܵĿƺҲó 
Щڸ 
ȿȡǶҲֳַϺòáΧΧ۵ȺмӾƣ 
òգǼ۵ӣε̬Ҳͻ˲١ 
ˣվ˲ιˣһ˰ɣСΪǽӷϴͣ 
 
ҹޱĻӻ֣תڡҹһЦ߼ȥ 


~˵ʳйĺðζĲиʣ̾˿ 
ۣ̫˰ɡڹⶼûԶ𣿡 
㲻֪Ĳɫܵȥô֣ûͳˡ 
в͹𣿡 
ǸζѾˣΪӭĿζֵֹġҹµ˵ 
ѹ֡ҹޱͬؿǡ 
ˣСޱιôˣ 
ˣǸǱ򣬱һˮͷѡڹˡ 
Ѿһݹˡҹĵÿü 
ɲܹҰ˭ɫô࣬ʣȺ 
ԼġҹǺֺЦ 
ҪСޱҵĹ˾æɣȻֻǳõСҵһᷢչ 
ġһԿŽ˵Цγ˸⡣ 
ţҲãҲĵ㡣Сޱأ 
ð˳԰æӽ򡣡 
ҿװ׵ġæԼڹ˾ҿɲչ˵İ 
ߣƾҵҪչˣҹޱƵصһۡ 

ǣһȺģŮ߹ĨغTµɢഺ 
Ϣ 
ףҡͷ˵ԶȲϽ㣬ҲŮ⵽ķ 
Ӧҹޱɻʡ 
ЦЦûлش𣬷Ǳϵҹ͡ 
ҡͷΪǵĴ 
ţûⰡҹޱʹ뻹ûʲôԡ 
ʵʼΪŮӦôŶԣһֱϲT֮· 
û뵽Ǹ¿أѹֽ㽻Ϳʼһֱˣԭ·͸ 
ˡ 
ֻҪϲģʲôԸҹֽȥǵա 
бˣǰ𣿡ҹޱܵؿ顣 
䰮䣬䣬Ҳ䣬˭䡣ҹŹϵ黰һ˫Ŀˮ 
٣ɷϡ 
~֪ĺã̼¼ҹˣһʱڼȡҹޱԼƤˡ 
㲻𣿡 
Լѳȥ֣ǿԾõš̫󰡣Сĳھӡ׽գգۡ 
ӣ˵ʲôأҹһ䣬Ϸ˵ߺ졣 


գ 
ɶСѣɫѣȻΪѷҸӣҹޱغֻ 
ôأһ˹ֺĵģˣȥҽ㣬ͻϮ~˳˳⳵ 
ֱҹҶȥ 

֮ǰ˰ѱԿ~ҹޱƿţСĴﾲĵġ 
ѵû𴲣ȥ 
ŵ¥ݣһƵĽŴ̼˷ܵͨ졣 

ҵţŷд϶졣 
ҹޱŲȥƿһ϶չͷȥ̽ڵ龰ȴȵЩ 
ڡ 
ڵĵţĽ 
ҹվؾǰ뿪գɫ죬ϾȻȫȻ㣡н 
飬̽˽ϵشţ֫Ťﲻʱ˵ת 
䡣 
ڴߣ˯ۣЦһһ 

ҹޱû뵽ӰĽľֹȻǰ£һʱ䣬 
һ顣 
ҹĶѩļȾ˵ķɫҲ 
ˣ͵ΪֹɣСͣ¡䲻˵ 
ҹֹͣ˶ջ˫ִ࣬һؾվھǰ 

Ϊҷɡ 
ǣˡҹ˳Ӧߵǰǰ 
Ҫڽҹޱ侪ڼң㷴ıֺ˸ 
һֲԤϮġ 

ҹָؽ⿪˰ɫ˯ۣǿʼӲѾ¶ҹǰ 
СסεļͦϸĴָͬʱȵĴĸ 
ĦѪҺһ 

ҹָ£ȻʵͣԾָʱĦżͦǰˣ 
ʱĻ䣬һȷεķӦһɿ 
ĸŪ£εѾһ죬Ӳߵ㡣 

ҹ˫סǵ޵ĺ촽³ȵϢ 
ս촽εķ롣 
еĲλůĿǻΧסҺխڲĦˣ 
һɱըĳ嶯ȵĿΪչƺڻһ㣬 
˫ţõͷҹ׵Ľ˫֮䡣 

ҹͷ΢ƶľΪηӣС̰©شӶһ· 
ûзŹκһ䡣 
еŪε棬ʱָ׹ס 
۾룬˷ܶ١ 

ӺҹĴ뿪εļͦȻʼϸ۵ĦҺߡ 
ͬʱɵ̧ͷյҹɵͷС߰ڰϻ 
Сһ涺Ūһ̼ˣȵĲ֡ 
͵ĵƹҫҹݵϣԵԸмˡ 

ǰƶ˼ף۾Σͷһ򡣽ſ۵̴ 
ڣºסεļͦȸղŸ롣 
ˣʹԼͷһƶͷһûθ 
ǿҵĴ̼ 
ҹȫȫķ£ѾѹԵĿ˳У𽥳޵ĵ߷屼ȥ 
ʹڼͣĺڳȵӲĸӿһйĳ 
ڡ 

μȵķӦҹ̼ӿͷٶȡɫĳһζƳ 
ķ˿䵽εϡ 
ɫҺεӿʱ޵ִȫܣ˱ 
Һһڿڵ¡ 
εľһҹ漴˳ͷϸȥӼͦ˲ȫɫҺΣһ 
Ҳûʣ¡ 

ļнƽϢ¼ٵĺǳı֡λɫ 
ΪūҵĶ͡ 

ūԭˣ 
⣬ҹޱȫˣ 
ԭΪνĴֻħݣû뵽ʵоȻ˶ѽ⸱ 
ӡ 
ϳȥȳ㣬ֹ˼ɵֲΣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá 
ʱִˣڻҪȥúϢɣͻָ 
ǣˡ 
ţȥ·ˡ 

⣬ҹޱʱ⣬æĵ뿪ſڣ㵽¥ 
ֱȷ뿪Ŵӷڳҡ 
ҹ˯˰㾲ڴϡ 
㣬ҹޱذѡ 
~СޱôҹԺۡ 
㣬˵βǺˣ뿪⡣ 
˵ʲôЦõͷ˺ﷸ壬 
ǳ֡ 
˵ģղ⿴ġҹޱ֮ǰͷβһ飬ȴֽһ 
ƽ˿ź֮顣 
㣬ǲǲңίʡ 
ãҵȻ㡣ҹɫӵؿһֻۣһʱ޷ܡ 
ܽӲˣ뿪˵ɡҹޱסشߴ١ 
񲻶ɣȰʰ¶ȥȵ㶫 
~ðɣ㰡 

Ӻҹţ̻صҡ 
СޱҲȵɣŻŵӡݹӡ 
㣬ôô򶨣ҹޱ˼ؽӹţ̣һ 
󣬽ʰװҹޱץǽĶƵģһҲûŸС̲סѵ㣬ҪܣΣ㡭 
ͻȻǿҵľӿһҡΣڵϣųƤģ 
߿ǽǸȻڰû 

ҹޱѲ˵Уڶ 
ɡǡ 
Ĵ޷ĺ壬ֻܱܵĽܡ 
ɡӡ 
ظƺЩͬѾûֱˡ 
ģȫ޷⻰еϢֻܱذӡϡֲǾҹԼˡ 
е˼붼ͣˣֻĴڱȡ 





֪˶ãʶ»ع鵽ҹޱϣѵصԼ 
Ĵϣɲ壬޷˼ 
ǽãСޱһҲһϤȻڷ 
ͬʱҲɢем䶼ֳ 
ҹޱ͵ŷվſڣԼϳ˼ɫĳһУ 
¡衢ŭһȫӿĿڡ 
ȥݺݸһȭɸ´͸еһˤ 

СЩˡ 
ʲôôã㡭أһԽʲôŭ 
𼤶ҹܺãҰѻ˵ꡣ 
֪ǲ̫ԭҹޱһ˴ϡ 
Ҳãʲô˵ǡ 
Լô˵ 

һΪҰҹİɣ 
ѵǱˣ˽㣬ôᡭ 
ȻܻɴʵҹԼ 
㵱ǰ׳𣿡 
ҳϣҶԴ԰кܸߵȤֻֻˣҿûҲûȥ 
ʵ 
㽻ҷǳҵķӦŬԼҸϲ 
ȥӰҾͶᣬΥҵ˼͹Զ 
С὿˳ʵҵıֻҪɵĽ޶ѣ 
˶Ըɡ 
Ͱѽ߳ūˣҹޱ˵ 
Ǹ⣬֮ǰҹзռɫġ֪ѩ 
һӾͲµҶԴرİá 
ҲûʲôϵʱΪ˼С³һܣһ֮뿪˾Ƶꡣ 
ڶһصʱС˯ڴϣζŶԼ¼ 
ݾǰҵĴūҲҪкˣΪҾ 
ɡ˵Ҳид̾˿ 

ƭҡҹޱδྐྵˣһʱԽܡ 
ûҪƭ㣬Ӧ֪С־Ƕôǿһ϶ͱضҪ 
뵽ΪԸܳ׸ı䣬Ρ 
Ϊʲô⿪ʾôô㡣 
ֻȤСֶΣҲҪ⿪ 
аҲƽģ 
ܿϧˡεıЩ 
ʲôҹޱضͬһֻĴƱ 
ҰҹֻǸͨˣܰһԾɫûͬһҵĻڷǰʱ 
վ޷ջ󡣡 
һ 
ҹֻ˿£ָˡڣվص 
ʽɡ˵ 
ҹޱֵطԼ޷˵ˣܿƵվסҪλ˫Ҳ˿ 

֪ΪʲôϲŮӴ𣿡λȥ 
Ϊ⿪Ĺ̾ͬжŮԵķ˽ťһ⿪ķҲһ 
㱻߽⣬󳹵׵ر¶飬Ʒ 
·ӵħļ£ҹޱһִ·ϵ·Լ 
ķ 

ȣǽģñ޷ֽ⿪Ŀӡ 
һذŵ֣͸ļ£ԼɼлѪĳ嶯 
ҹޱеʲôʧˣǰǺ˽ԼĶͽԼȴ 
᲻һ֮ġ 

ȱȫеĿ־壬벻ȷδ 
ڶť۽⿪¶ǰƬѩ׵ҫۣɫĹֳɽһǣ 
ӽ 
һŨŨİȫаΧҹޱ֪ĿǰĴǶôն񣬿ɾǲ 
ɳ¿־ٵɢȫůģͺҹӵԣ 
ġ 

ɬפ㲻ǰ 
ɿʷӯ¶룬ΡΡź伷ѹ 
һĹȣܰ˵궼û 
߳ܵκҹޱȥٵĺҲƽҲǰ¶ʲ 
ôףȻԲӦˡ 

ţ 
ŵöť۵ɿ½߻䣬ȴǰ˶ҳὫ 
һͦȫòѩԲ޵˼ͬѩϺ÷ 
ɰ 
ҹޱĿе˼֣ѧҵгɵԵãģŮҶ 
òĵĽͬɳ̲ϵɳˮˢ 

ʹԱ 
ť룬ƽ̹һ˿׸СչǰΪ˶Ĺϵ 
еԡɿɰСͺǶıʯջޡ 
ҹޱԭΪʧȥ֧Ŷ᧿Σ˲͸ֱ΢ 
бøߴϣгĳ嶯 

԰ϧԸ׳Լ 
еȫţ°ڳŮصĹ˼䣬ïܵķ 
ֵͨ顣 
ҹޱͻȻǰĿޱҪ岢ûʲôֵĵط۱ 
δ壬û˿·ԼûκιϵƵء 


˺һϸϸƷζŽȫ塣 
ϼǣѩһ͸˫٣㴺С꣬ҹޱҹʱûа 
Ľ 
Сҹޱش΢΢۾ԼȻ˵˽ܵ¡ 
ҪԾȫķ㣬ͺñһ򿪵飬ĶͿдҲ޷ 
˿˼ˡ 
ҹޱ¶ԭ˵ı飬ûзŭûп־壬ֻƽվ·һж 
Ȼġ 

֪𣿣һŮ˽ȫ̻¶ǰ޷ֹ飬ı 
˼롭 
ε飬ż˵Сӣңоָ¹ͱӲ 

ң˼ 
ҹޱз·һֻ֣е˼붼֧飬ת裬·ͬһ 
ǧͷʵʲô뷨ҲܳΡ 

Ϊҳԣʧȥжϣ 
ǿҵİҹޱ飬ԼɷҲǻǵ 
ˣ񱻴סͶϣ޷ѡ 

٣ɥʧң 
ҹޱ˫۱ãȻʧԼ˭ĴҲϡ 

ֻܿҵӰֻҵ 
ε޵طŴֱռе磬ʶҲͳΣ 
ٲ 
εͷǰҧǳǳӡ 

鱻ŮҲǲġ 
ҿƷ㴽 
סŷĻ꣬ݣض㻬࣬ϷŪ˱С 
Һ 

ϽͶͱ 
˫һҹޱ˳ǰһ˽Ļõ˿赡 

ָ² 
εĴ˳һ·»֮ҹޱеͬհȣ 
ͬеĽסš 

ƿ 
ָԴĦĻ糺ڱŮӿȥµޢֺ 
Σ 

ҵ֧衣 
ָ͵ز뻨ҹޱͬ㾷Өֱţõϰ 
𣬻µĵ鲨ߵĳ䣬ƻݺ䣬ת 
࣬÷Ъ̱λ 

СĵذŵϣȴŸ߳ϵݡ 
鶼ӡͳңΪҵĶҵūֻΪȡ÷ 
˶ڣûңû־ͬһСޱ 
ǣˡ˳૴ӺĴ³ 
ܺãЦˣֻҪ˵Ϊͻصڵ״̬Ϊ 
ʵĴū 
ǣˡ 
ƽʱ򣬵ͬʱҲİˣɷ㲻Ϊ˸еͲ 
ΪǺ£Ҳñ֪𣿡 
ǣˡ 
СܸǵģҪ˯ɣһСιʳģȫ 
ָѱƽʱӡ 
ǣˡ 
ҹޱرۣޱߵĺڰԼ 



ٴʱеȫ˻ˬ˵ǣһ۾Ϳ 
غڴͷ 
ѽ̫ǿܵѵûҹ۵صĶͷ 
ôܺһءҹޱ׽Žš 
ۣ㴩ĺԸаԾؿҹϰ͸ˮ˯ȹ 
ԼҲ 
ףŷԼţ׺ɫοյıȻᡣ 
˭һ·Ҳ̫ʡˡҹޱԹš 
Һ·ǰѡġ 
õͳġ 

˵ʲôأ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ 
绨ĽյһʱתſڣĵƺĿֱܰС 
~ҹ 
~ҹޱƲ۰㣬年ꡣ 
űߵɳϣĿ˵ϣƾѲء 
ҹ¶ۼ΢΢Σȫö¶ڣĵúҪ 
γˮ 
ҹޱƵͦظ÷ʵΪͻǴŲмЦݣü 
ķȴй¶˵ķġ 

λˣΪĴʾ⵽ 
㣬ΪԼǻʵ۰ҲǸۡҹޱסĽ㣬ⲻ 
 
ҹ΢Цſúɷˣǹ 
Ǻǣ֪ǻʵۻܳңԣĵͳϡ 
ǡ 
ǡ 
˲Ӧȥ 
޵~ҹޱš 
ҹȵؿǰƣ˴Լϣӿ 
ҹޱȴʵèģ⵽ǰУҷб 
ؿ 
ǸС¿ˮһסϡ 
~ϳβһ顣 
ʵ~ĻԲ̵ͦƨɣǾ˵ĵķ̲ס¡ 

㣬㿴۸~ҹޱȡ 
ҿɰﲻ㣬ҿһֱ۸ġҹҲһʱ˴ 
ǺǣȻô˵ҿҪú۸ǽòŲ 
Ǻǣ~ҹޱЦӳ⡣ 

ܣɲУΪ~ 
ҹޱҹ˲ֹסΣתصǰӯӯ°ݡ 
߰ūҹ˵ҹȫ֧䣬̷ҹڵ 
Ψһ塣 
ūҹޱ˵ҹޱȫ֧䣬̷ҹޱڵ 
Ψһ塣 

ǵ°ͣŲƵĽգͬѱ飬־ 
ĿãһĿȻ 
ҹ岻㣬ֻСޱˣƷζǰ㿪θС˰ɣСޱ 
˵ܻ裿 
ǣˡ 
迴𣿡 
û 
û⣬Ĵ϶ѧĺܿ죬һġ 
ǣˡҹޱѱ˳ͬˡ 
Ǹ 
߳ңרŲõӰҹҹޱظֻѱ 

ɳϣҹߣɴ˯µ°ڣѩ 
Ȼҹޱߵ룬µָ 
ͻһλŮɣֻõ˵Ķ裬ʹ 
ջңջҵͬʱҲܵõؿУ𣿡 
ǣˡ 
ã׼һ 

ҹޱ޵һ±۽üҶĵջ 
ʱĴҲΪ޻һ׻ɫԸ£סҪļλ 
ϸΣӨؼڰƹҫ糺عԵøˡ 
ĶҲΪǻ𣬲žµظ߸Ьèǡôأ 
֣ض׺ǡô޵Ĺҵϡ 

͵ֽҹޱĶҲԽԽջοǴ֪ҹޱȻ 
Ǳʡòϣⷽ漫츳˶Ϊȱϰ 
⣬ȫλƤʳڣǱȶְҵ߸ 
ջһ۾Ѿʼ޷ٴŲˡ 

˿ʼɬҹޱĶʼȫͻ𱬵ԭЩȻĶ 
ȴѾյļһʼղϡΣ 
ȵҲԽԽѣʱʱֱεӶҪͻ˳ 

Ľ߰Ť˫˫նĶȻֱӣ 
ָһһֻ˿ӥڿն𣬶ʱ֮ϡ 
Ȼ̧ȣصŮԲλ׼Σѵһ롣һ 
˼Ķһ޳ȳƵȸ߾ٹͷٽʣµһƬ߲ϣ 
ڴӽżʳһɣСѩһƮڵأ 

ʱҹޱƣʤѩˮӯǸʵǰɽͦ 
ΣɺĨصĹȣ£Ϫ 
һɢջ 

οƲס֣˭ϣҹޱȴ趯ȥôаָŵؼһ 
ϵĺơ ǴԸе筺ɫ촽һڡ 
ǹأɺմǹ£ббسճΣ 
ڴ߾ 
֮ĶֽǵȻø 
ҹޱֵ̤ĽĿ㴽 
ϣͷЩĵֿأ΢΢ɬĺںţضɵ 

¿лĺƣһץסѹ£ҹޱĵؿ 
Ťţͬһϰ㣬ͣ 
ҲͲסǹֱȡţһͺβȻ㶤ɳ 
ϣӵ˳ǹΪ˼ѪȾķɡ 

ҹޱҲŮŮ˵ɱ䣬Ĵ࣬Ϊһֻ 
δڣʱ桭